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Monosyllabic ( V / CV / V₁C[-V₁] / and rarely C₁V₁-C₁V₁) from Among the Archaic (pre-2500 BC) Roots:

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Meaning	Sumeroaltaic (Reconstruction)	Sumerian	Altaic	Tk	Mng	TM	Kor	Jp	3000	North Caucasian [or SC]	Indo-European	Akkadian [Afroasiatic]	Uralic	Dravidian	Austric	Kartvelian
Limb	ŏ- (or ŏp`-)	a [a2 [ah5, ahi2]] (arm; labor; wing; horn; side; strength; wage; power)	ujV(k`V) (stockings, trousers); [and/or ùp`í (to grasp)]	ujuk		oji(ki)			55			(ahu (?))
Drink, Water	ŋob- ? (> ()o())	a [a [e4, ea, ĝa10, ia10]] (water; semen; progeny)	ŋi̯ŏbu ? (to pour) ?	ju(b)-	jeɣü-le-	ńiabe-	nūb-		193		(Heu-)	([ḥVw-])	(uwa)
An Opening	æb-	ab [ab] (window, window opening) (not archaic)	ăbu (interior of the mouth)	Ăburt	owči	(x)abu-ǯan-						([*χVw- 'door, opening, throat' (Sem., Eg., Omot., Chad.)])	owe (door)	āv- (to yawn)		qew- (ravine)
Cow		ab [ab2] (cow)							141					āv- (cow) [this has fascinating implications, because domestication of Indicine cattle is thought to have occurred in relation to the Indus Valley Civilization; the term for zebu (indicine cattle) is ab2-za-za (~ za-ab2 ? ~ zebu ?) which literally means "bowed cow" and is separately a bovid designation (za-za, without ab2-)]
A Fish		ab [ab[ku6]] (a fish)							1
A Fish		ab [ab2[ku6]] (a fish)							1
Sea, Waters	ŏp- ?	ab [ab, a-ab-ta] (sea) (not archaic)	ṓp`à ? (to drink, inhale) [possible Hittite loan ?]	ōp-	uw(u)-						(H)ap- (river, stream)	[ʕab- (drink)]		op- (to wet)
Father (/Adult (Male))	æp-	abba [ab, ab-ba, abba2] (old (person); witness; father; elder; an official)	áp`a (father)	apa	ab[u]	apa	àpí		6	(ʔŏbV̄(jV) [ʔŭṗV́])	(pǝ-tēr)	abu [ʔab-]	appe	ap-	aba (PAN)	(ṗaṗ-)
Ornament, Bead	ud- ?	ad [ad] (bead) (not archaic)	i̯uda (ornament)			udī-		aja						oḍ- (beautiful)
A Bush ?	ŏt`- ?	ad [ad2; ad5] (a thorn bush) (not archaic) [Akk eddetu (var. eddedu) (boxthorn)]	ót`ó(rV) (bushes, low trees)	otrug		utu-n / -r		ǝ́ntǝ́rǝ́				eddidu, eddittu
Crippled		ad [ad4] ((to be) crippled) (not archaic)
Board	et- (vowel irreg.)	ad [[ĝeš]ad [[ĝeš]at]; ad [at]] (log, plank, raft)	ìtí (board)		(h)ideɣür	(x)ite		ìtá	1
Plank, Raft	et- (vowel irreg.)	ad [[ĝeš]a-ta, [ĝeš]AD [[ĝeš]at]] (wooden raft; plank of a boat) (not archaic)	ìtí (board) (re "raft" in Sumerian, note the TM > Evenki ite, Negidal īte (board (on bottom of the birch-boat))		(h)ideɣür	(x)ite		ìtá
Sound; Voice	ŏt`-	ad [ad] (voice; cry; noise) (not archaic)	ŏ́t`è (~-t-) (sound)	öt-	öči-	(x)ot-		ǝ́tǝ̀
Father	ĕt`ĕ (or ĕtĕ)	adda [ad [at, ada (~ ata ?)], ad-da [at-ta2]] (father) (Tk OUygh ata (father),	ĕ́t`è (elder relative), Mid Kor àtắ (man), OJap tǝtǝ, ti (father), Mng ečige (father))	Ata / Ete	ečige	(x)eti-	àtắ	(tǝtǝ, ti)	7		att- (father)	[ʔad- (Ug, Phoen, Amh)]		(at- (female relative (father's sister, grandmother)))
Body, Corpse ?	od-	adda [adda (ad6), adda2 (ad3)] (corpse; wreck (of a boat)) (phonetically unrelated to [ad])	i̯ŏ́de ? (skin, to tan) (Tk (not in OTk) > Turkmen ej- (to tan (leather), Azer ejmä (leather bag with clabber), Chuvash ir-źǝ (skinner), Yakut etirik (skin scraper)); Mng. (h)ideɣe > Wr. Mng. ideɣe (tanning stuff); TM (x)odinsa > Evenki odinna (summer skin of deer), Evem odъ̣ndъ̣- (to fade (of skin))	ed-	(h)ideɣe	(x)odinsa			5
Blade	æg-	aga [aga3; aga] (an ax)	ā̀gV (sharp, whet) (Mng. (h)ag- > Wr. Mng. aɣ (part of blade (closet to handle)), TM āga- (arrow point, notch; whetstone)) [conceivably also note p`i̯ùgV (to flay, cut) (p` / V)]		(h)ag	āga-			1
A Valuable Item	æg-	aga [aga3; aga] (tiara, crown)	ằgò (trade) (Tk Agɨ > OUygh/Orkh aɣɨ (treasure); Jp àkì > OJp akji (trade), akjinap- (to trade); Mng (h)ag-su-, (h)aɣu-ra- > Wr Mng aɣsun (borrowing or lending money at interest, loan), aɣura, aɣura-su(n) (belongings, possessions), aɣsu- (swap one thing for another))	Agɨ	(h)ag-su-, (h)aɣu-ra-			àkì	9
A Vessel		aga [[zabar]aga] (a type of vessel) (not archaic)
To Differentiate	æŋ	aĝ [aĝ2] (measure)	aŋV (separate, different)		aŋgi-	aŋa-			38		(An-)
Dry, Dried		ah [ah3] ((to be) dried (out), dry; to dry)							10
To Flow	ak`	ah [ah6, uh3, [a]ah] (spittle) (not archaic)	i̯àk`ì (liquid, flow) (O Uygh aq- (to flow), TM iaKu (swamp, ditch; brook), Jp ìkà-i > O Jp. ike (pond))	iak-		iaKu-		ìkà-i		ʔuq_wV -o- (to drink)	akʷ- (water flowing)	[Cush ʕḳ(w) (water), also Ar. ʕqq]	joke ~ jika (river)	(SDR āk (swamp); uk- (spill, pour))
To Grasp, Make (With the Hands)	ŏk-	ak [ag] (to do; to make; to act, perform; to proceed, proceeding (math.))	ùkú (to take, grasp, meet)	ug-ra-	ugtu-	oKa-	ùhɨ́i-	ùká-	197
Fleece		aka [aka3] (fleece) (not archaic)
To Scratch, Hoe	ĕl-	al [al, [ĝeš]al; [urud]al] (hoe, pickaxe; hoeing)	ḗĺV (to scratch, rake, row); see also iĺa (to rub, smear) (Tk ɨĺɨ- > Tartar ɨšqɨ (jack-plane), Tartar and Balkar ɨšɨ- (to rub, scrape), TM ilba-, ile- (to smear, clay, lick), Mng (h)il(b)i- > Wr Mng ilbi-, ili-, ile- (to stroke, rub)); aĺV (fresh crops, germinated seeds)	ēĺ-; (i)ăĺ-	ele-; (h)alir-su	elbe-s-; alu			9		alut-, -d- (yeast alum, beer)		älV (tree juice) ?
Reed Fencing		al [[gi]al] (reed fencing) (not archaic)
Compound Verb Nominal Element (CVNE)		al [al] (cvne) (not archaic)
Wild Animals	æŋ- ?	am [am [ama2]] (wild bull) [the phonetic oddity if not irregularity of Sum m ~ ŋ, which is not necessarily isolated but certainly is rare, may suggest this is a loan, which could explain the more specific meaning in Sumerian, adopted from a more general Proto-Altaic meaning]	ăŋu (wild game) ? (Tk Ăŋ - OUygh aŋ (wild game), Mng (h)oɣunu - Wr Mng oɣunu, onu (male mountain antelope), TM aŋa- (wild game, mountain ram, to graze (of deer), enclosure for deer)	Ăŋ -	(h)oɣunu	aŋa-			47			rīmu (?) (wild bull)
A Bird		am [am[mušen]] (a bird)
Mother	ĕmĕ-	ama [eme4] (mother)	ĕ̀me (woman, female)	eme	eme	emV	ámh	mía	60	HV̆mV̄́	(mā-t-er-)	ummu [ʔVma]	emä	am-	me (PAA / ma (PAN)
Heavens; Heavenly (?)	æn	an (sky, heaven; upper; crown (of a tree))	ā́ńu (moon); perhaps also ĭ́na (dawn, dusk)	āń	oj	ańŋa			54					(jānḍ- (year))
Date Spadix		an (date spadix) (not archaic)
Tin, Lead		anna (nagga ?) (tin or lead)										annaku
Approval		anna [an-na] (approval, indeed) (not archaic) [from OB, but not considered a Sum lw. or loan to Sum.]										annu ((word of) consent, assent, approval)
He, She, This	ĕ(-n)	ane [a-ne [e4-ne]; e-ne] (he, she) [possibly the deictic root *e- ~"that, it" ~"them, those" with -ne (singulative) to the extent of ~"this one", with a-ne-ne meaning "those ones"]	é [-n]	ạ(-n)	e-ne	e-	ā-mò	á-	4	(ʔŏ [ʔ[a]])	e-n	[ha- ?]	a- / e-	a-/ā	a (MY)	ha- / e-
Mound	ær-	ar [ar2 [warx(UB)] (ruin); [URUxA]] (ruin) [Akk equivalent karmu (heap, (ruin) mound)]	ā́rV (open space) ?	(i)āra	ar-	ara-			1	ʔārV [ʔārV]	ār-		arV
To Enchant, Bewitch	ær-	ar [a-ar2, a-ar, a-ar3; ar2] ((hymn of) praise; fame) (not archaic)	ărV (witchcraft, craft)	ạr-	arga	ar-							arpa (prediction, sorcery, lot)
To Grind	ær-	ara [ara3 [ar3, ur5]] (to grind)	àŕì (thorn, fang) ?	aŕɨg	ariɣa	(x)ar- (?)		ìrà	2					ār- (sharp-(ness)) ?
Mill, Grindstone		ar [ar3 [[na4]ara3]] (hand-mill; lower grindstone)										erû [CAD does not state that this is a Sum lw]
Omen	e-re	ara [a-ra2 [e4-re6, e4-ri6]] (times (with numbers); ways; way; omen; step (math.))	ī̀rú (omen, divination)	ɨr- / ir-	irwa	īrme-		ùrá	6
Miller		arar [[geme2]ar3-ar3; [lu2]ar3-ar3; [geme2]ara3; [lu2]ara3] (miller)							:?			ararru (miller) [< Sum lw.]
Early, First	ĕč-	aš [aš [as3]] (one)	éča (early, morning) (semantics not close - morning; TM also "now, just now, not long ago; yes, certainly); ăčV ? (elder relative, ancestor)	___; ăčaj / ĕčej		esī; asī	àčhắm; àčă-	àsâ	10	HVcǝ̆́; ______	aus- (dawn, sunrise, east); ______	(išten [ʕišt-Vn-] ?)	aćV (early) (Udmurt vaǯ́, vaź, waź (first)); äćä (father)	________; áǯǯ- (grandparents)	[or asa / esa]	ac̣- (from now on, now)
Boil (on Skin)		aš [aš [az3]] (a boil (on skin)) (not archaic)
To Slander, Curse	æč`-	aš [aš2 [az2]] (curse)	áč`u (to doubt) (TM aču- (to slander, slander; to answer), Kor ǝ̄ču-b- (to be indecisive, irresolute), Jp útákáp- (to doubt)) [the only non-suffixed form is TM aču-, itself only found in compounds]			(x)aču-	ǝ̄ču-b-	útákáp-	1					ája- ~ ajír- (to doubt, suspect)
Flour		aš [aš] (bread; a type of flour) (not archaic)
Six		aš [aš3] (six) (not archaic)
Spider		aš [aš5] (spider) (not archaic) [possible Semitic loan]										(ašāšu (a moth) [ʕačuč- (insect)])
Father	ŏ-(ŏ-)	aya [a [aya2], a-a [aya]; a-ia] (father)	ùjò ? (relation) (Orkh uja (relation, blood relation), TM oji (relation, spouse), Jp ǝ̀jà - OJp oja (parents))	uja		oji-		ǝ̀jà	14		au̯- ?		äje ?	(/ ája- ?)
Cry, Shout	ĕ-	aya [a; u3] (a cry of woe; to cry, groan) (not arcahic)	ĕju ( ~ -o) (to speak, cry, sound) [through a different reflex than e (speak)] ?	ạj-ɨt-	aji-	ejē-	òi'ó-
Marshland		aya [aya4] (marshland) (not archaic)
To Surround		aya [aya4] (to surround?) (not archaic)
Bear		az [az; [ĝeš]az] (bear; ~ figurine)							1			asu [< Sum lw.]
Myrtle		az [[ĝeš]az; [ĝeš][šim]az] (myrtle) (not archaic)
To Break Into Parts	pæ-	ba [ba [pa2]] (to divide into shares, share, halve; to allot)	p`ajo (to rub off, wipe off, cut off); p`āji (part) (TM pā > Lit Man fa-li (part), Jp pia > OJp -bje (part) [in compounds], Mng hejil- > Mid Mng xejil- (to separate))	ajɨt-	haɣu-; hejil-	pajū-; pā	pūi-	pajas-; pia	253
Shrimp ?, Shellfish ?	(i-)pæ- ?	ba [ba [pa2]] (a marine creature?) [probably a shelled creature, as in bagi/balgi, and murguba (shell - lit. shoulder/back of the ba ?)]	ipa ? ( ~ -b-) (shell) [note, for instance, OJp ebi (shrimp, shellfish); if iba, then Sum. iga would be expected (or igV)]		(h)ibawu	ibu-kta ( ~ igu-kta)		apampi	1
(Jagged) Rock	bæ-	ba [[ĝeš]ba] (a cutting tool) [the Akk synonym suppīnu is also of not exactly known meaning, but CAD appears to imply it was a tool used in brickmaking and may have been related to - or may have been - the boards used to cut/brace the edges of a brick being molded, in that it is listed along with boards used in brickmaking and spinning; the first entry in CAD appears to list it as an iron tool, and it is also listed after two types of vessels; basically the meaning is not clear and even the material of the tool is unclear though might have at least eventually been metal, although the determinative implies it is a wooden item (a la boards)]	băjV (rock)	bAjɨr	baji-ča	baj-
To Bind	bæ-	ba [[tug2]ba13] (a garment) (not archaic) [~ Akk nalbašu (cloak, coat)]	bā́ (to bind) [either in sense of wrapping around cloak or coat, or general relation between binding and weaving/sewing]	b(i)ā-		ba-	pa	bǝ́								b- (to tie)
Half		ba [ba3, ba7] (half; thirty) (not archaic)
To Take Away, Diminish; To Be Weak	pĕ-	be [be4 [pa2 [wa2]], be6 [ex(PI), pa12, wa, we, a3, i16]] (to deduct, remove; to diminish, reduce; to withdraw, receive (as an allotment)) [possibly an intensification of ba through the vowel shift; it is probably not coincidental it shares an orthography with [ba], and [ba] can be rendered as forms of pa- as well as pe- or pi-]; conceivably though also note bĕ́ (bait) (Jp bai > OJp we and TM be; but bait and bird-seed in OUygh with -ŋ, suggesting the meaning may have derived from small things - though bird-seed might also be secondary]	p`ē (to be unable) [to be weak, diminished]; p`íjo (spindle, part of loom or cross-bow) [i.e. to take away, draw (s.t.) back] (Tk ijik (spindle), Jp pí > OJp pji (shuttle (of a loom)); Kor pu- > Md Kor pɨ- (dial.); pi-thɨl- (to spin; to twist); TM pia-la- > Lit Man filan (name of a tree (used for bows)), Negidal pē̂laxa (part of a cross-bow)) [I have been unable to track down what "part of a cross-bow" this refers to - but it is also substantially possible that a letter was omitted in the Russian and that the Russian actually means "archer (for cross-bow)", which would be consistent with the root meaning being "to draw back" or "pull" - with significantly divergent derivations into "spindle" and "to spin; to twist", but that latter betrays the fact that both of those actions require pulling yarn taught; likewise, the shuttle is pulled back and forth across the loom, and the archer pulls back the cross-bow string; Literary Manchu is either secondary or is a reference to actual bowmaking which (ironically, because it doesn't precisely concern the string) involves curving a branch by pulling it without destroying the tension - or it requires stretching the tense string across a bow (made from a favored tree); however, Turkic would probably have been expected to retain the *p-, which might call the association into question]; [noting also póju ( ~ *p`-) ? (child, young (of animals))]	___; ijik	jada	pē-; pia-la-	___; pu-	piá-r- ( ~ -ai-); pí	46
Perfect		bu [bu [pu [pi8]], bu2] (perfect) (not archaic)
To Chase, Flit		bu [bu2; bu; wu] (to flit, chase about) (not archaic)
To Touch, Reach; Side	tæ-	da [da [ta2]] (line, side, edge) (not archaic)	taja (to lean on); t`ằt`e (reach, arrive at, stay at) ?	daja-	daji- (?)	daja-; tata- ?	___; tàtằ-d- ?	tajǝ-r- ( ~ -ua-); tǝ̀ntùk- ?		(dUjV (dark) ?) [or ST tǝ̄k]	(or tag('))	(idu) ? [or tVyak- (take)]	(idu) ? [or tVyak- (take)]	taje (to bow, incline) [or takka]	(or tag- (to touch))
A Bird		da [da[mušen]] (a bird)							1
Compound Verb Verbal Element		da [da] (cvve)							5
Side Board		da [[ĝeš]da] (side board (of a chariot)) (not archaic)
To Stir (Into a Liquid)		da [da9] (to stir into a liquid) (not archaic)
Writing Board		da [[ĝeš]da (writing board) (not archaic)
To Flow, Pour	de	de [de2 [di8]] (to pour; to winnow)	dijV ( ~ *t-) (tar, to melt) (Kor/Jp meaning "to cast"; probably closer Altaic meaning "to flow")			dī	tī-	(d)í-	52
To Bring	t`u-	de [de6 [di6], de3 [di7]; de2] (to bring, carry) [ES ga, ir (likely lexical replacements)]	t`ŭja ? (to give, give a feast) [earler meaning clearly to give or distribute]	toj	taɣu-	tuju-			395	[=VtV̆??]	dō- (to give)		toɣe (to bring, give)	ta- (to bring, to give to 1st/2nd person)
To Shape, Create		de [de2] (to shape, create) (not archaic)
Say (speak)	t`œ-	di [te10, ti4] (non-finite imperfect stem of dug[to speak])	t`oje (to sound, noise)	tōj-	tüji-	tǝjǝ-			2		dē-	[taʔ-] ?
To Shine, Radiance	t`y̆	di [di5] (to shine) (not archaic)	t`úju (to gleam, shine)							[[ST [t]ăw (bright, shine)]]	[dey- (day, shine)]	[daw- (day, morning)]				[deɣ- (dye)]
To Go		di [di] (go) (not archaic)
Have a Bowel Disorder		di [di5] (to have a bowel disorder) (not archaic)
All		du [du3] (all) (not archaic)
To Go	t`ŏ-	du [du [de6, di6]] (imperfect singular stem of ĝen[to go])	t`ā́ja (to float, slide) [to move]	tāj-	taji-tu-	tia- (taj-)		taju-	32		(deye-, dyā- ? (to run, to hurry, to move quickly); dū- ? (to go down (ab. sun, etc.)))
To Build, Make	dŭb- ?	du [du [tu20, ru2]] (to build, make; to do, perform)	dubi ( ~ t-) (skilled, accustomed)		düj	dub-			518
Plant, Fix Upright		du [du3 [tu20, ru2] (to plant; to fix upright, erect; to impregnate; to drive in, fix) [possibly an intensification of to lay/put]							6
To Hold, Grab	t`u-(t`u-)	du [du3 [tu20, ru2]] (to hold, keep in custody)	t`[u]tV́ (to grasp, close, detain)	tut-	todka-, tödüge-	tuta-	tàt-	tǝ̀ntǝ-, tǝ́ntǝ́-má-	1					tud_- (to block up)
Many ?	to- ?	du [du3 [tu20 [ru3]]] (all) (not archaic)	tṓj- (four) ?	dȫrt	dör-ben, dö-čin	dügin		dǝ-
Deity Platform		du [du6] (throne platform for a deity) (not archaic)										dû, d'iu [< Sum lw.]
A Fish		du [du6[ku6]] (a fish)							1
To Push, Strike	t`ŭ-	du [du7] (to push, thrust, gore) (not archaic)	t`ut`ì (to beat, strike)	tüt-		tute-	tùtɨ́rí-	tutuk-
To Square		du [du7] (to square) (not archaic)
Fitting, Suitable	t`ŏ-	du [du7] ((to be) fitting, suitable)	tā̀jV [seems to be t`- with TM irreg/loan, or as reconstr Tk is irreg] (big, good) (Mng daja- (all, great, big), TM dāji (big, size of))	daja-gu	daja-	dāji			15
To Whirl	t`ŭ-(t`ŭ-)	du [du7-du7] (to whirl)	[obviously see du7-du7 "whirl", but the evolution may have been convergent, as Altaic t`ut`i is more closely semantically associable with "to push, strike"]	tüt-		tute-	tùtɨ́rí-	tutuk-	5
To Spread, Thick	t`ŭ-	du [du8] (to bake; to spread out mud to make bricks; to caulk)	t`ùji (thick)	Tujug	tüɣüd- / tüjit-			tùjǝ̀-	78		tawǝ- (to fatten, fat)		täwi (full)	tav- (much, abundantly)		(ṭu- ? (udder))
To Heap, Pile		du [du8] (to heap up, pile up) (not archaic)
Lament		du [du9-du9] (lament) (not archaic)
To Make a noise	t`o-(t`o)	du [du12-du12; du12] (to play (a musical instrument))							1
Say (speak)	(i-)p`e- ?	e [da-me, ne, be2, e; na-be2, na-be2-a; e7] (perfect plural and imperfect stem of dug[to speak])	ip`i (~-p-,-e) (mouth; to say)			(x)ipke-	íp	íp-	22			[ʔap-]	(cf. *apta- 'bark'?)	ēv-	bVʔ
An Interjection		e [e] (a vocative interjection) (not archaic)
To Stay, Dwell	be-	e [e2; e4 [a]] (house) [ĝa2 (ES) ~ lexical substitution ?]	bíju ? (to be, sit)		büji-	bi-		b(u)í-	722
Barley?		e [e] (barley?) (not archaic)
Chaff	ĕb-	e [e3] (chaff)	ebí ? (weak, to wither)			ebe-	ǝ̀bí-	impu-sia-	2
Leather Strip		e [e; e6] (strip or piece of leather; leather bearing) (not archaic)										eau (yau) (< Sum. lw.)
Leave	a-	e [e3; i; e] (to leave, to go out; to thread, hang on a string; to remove, take away; to bring out; to enter; to bring in; to raise, rear (a child); to sow; to rave; to winnow; to measure (grain) roughly (with a stick); to rent)	ā̀ja (to go, walk); aje (to reach, come close)	Aj-	aja-; aji-su-	āj-		àjùm-; ǝ́jǝ́mp-	90		ei-	[yaʔ/w-]	aja-	ej-		i-
Good, Fitting	æ-	e [e7] (trust) (not archaic)	ăjV (good, fitting) ?	ăja-	(h)aja	aja, aju-				[ST ʔǝ̄j ?]		[hwy ?]		ī̆j- (to agree; proper, possible)
Man; Person	be- ?	e [e5; e] (princely?) (not archaic)	bĕ̀je ? (man; self, body)		beje	beje		bǝ̀
Tube, Socket		e [[ĝeš]e11] (tube, socket) (not archaic)										uppu ?
Round, Circle	ep-	eb [eb] (oval)	i̯ằpV (to bend, turn; hook)	ebir-	eb-	oboka-		àpùkuà	29
To Follow; Push	et`-	ed [ed3 [e11]; |UD×U+U+U.DU|] (to go up or down; to demolish; to scratch; to rage, be rabid) [the Uralic derivation is semantically closer]	ìt`ù (to hit, push); idV (to follow, lead, arrange) [Starotsin claims an original meaning of to arrange in order, excluding Sumerian data]	it-; Eder-	ete-; iǯi	idu-		___; ùt-	241				itV (to run, jump)
To Pierce; To Quilt	ĕt`-	ed [ed3 [e11]] (pierce) (not archaic)	èt`i ( ~ -t-) (thread, to quilt)	Etek-		etu- / ute-		ìtuá
To Rely On	ĕt`	ed [ed3 [e11]] (strengthen) (not archaic)	ḗt`a (to take care of, deal with); ĭ̀t`á (to rely, trust, take upon oneself); at`i ? (son, young)	ēt-	___; itege-	ete-; (x)iti-	àtáŋ	átúkáp-; àntùkàr-
Shallow Place	eŋ- ?	eg [eg2 [i15 [šurux(E)]]; iku2 [ĝa3?]] (levee) [~ Akk iku (dyke, ditch)]	iŋV (shallow place) ~ Drav. iṇi- (to evaporate, (flood) to subside) ?			(x)iŋā	jǝ̄ ( < *i'ǝ)	ía				īku	([ike(-ne) ? (gums, palatte) ?])
Louse(-Ridden)	æk`-	eh [eh [ah, uh]] (insect(s), bug(s); moth; head-lice; to have lice)	ák`à (dirt, filth)		(h)ag	(x)aK-		ákà	1
Front ?	ĕm-	eme [eme] (tongue; language) [< tongue < fron; the closest Altaic analogies are "neck foundation, Adam's apple" and "breast", with the emphasis being on the "front part" of a person, presumably]	emo (front) ?; [could also note ắmo (mouth; taste (*amo-t`a, *amo-sa)), but the broader Eurasiatic and Borean parallels mostly mean "taste" or "sour"]	ömgen	emü-	ume- / emu-			16			emû (tongue of a plow) (< Sum. lw.)
A Pack for a Pack Animal ?	ĕm-	eme [eme3, eme6; eme5; eme7, emex(|SAL.EN|)] (female donkey)	emV(ŋV) ? (saddle, belt) (Tk ẹ̆dŋe-r (saddle), Mng emeɣel (saddle), TM emu-l > Evenki ōmi (pack strap), emin, emi-lge (horse or deer pack)	ẹ̆dŋe-r	emeɣe-l	emu-l			7
Tongue (Of Plow, Battering Ram)		eme [[ĝeš]eme] (a part of a plow; point (of a battering ram)) [quite possibly the "tongue" of the plow, but that meaning isn't so obvious for the battering ram]							63
Wet Nurse (Uralic ? loan)	ĕm-	eme [eme2] (wet nurse) (not archaic) [& emeda, emegala]	emV (to suck)	em-	em-kü-								ime- (to suck; see Finnish imettäjä "wetnurse" and Estonian amm "wetnurse" (Est. derived imettaja to imetada)
(To Be) Aware	ĕn	en [en] (priest) [could also be related to en (lord)]	enu (to beware, attention)	anu-	(h)an-	(x)en-te-			38			enu (< Sum)
To Possess, (Be) Master	æn-	en [en] (lord) [ES u3-mu-un, umun]	ā́ni (to hold, present) (Tk > OUygh inčü, anču (fief, land and vassals presented by the ruler), Mng anǯu > Wr Mng anǯu (fine) [money], TM anī- (to present a gift), Kor ān- (to hold in the arms))	ēn-čü	anǯu	anī-	ān-		59			[Hʷan- ?]		ān-
To Shamanize	œn-	en [en2] (incantation) (not archaic)	ṑńè (shaman, spirit) (TM ūńi- (to shamanize)		oŋgo-n	ūńi-		ǝ̀nì						vēnd- (king, god) ?
Pleasure, Joy	e-ne	ene [a-ne; e-ne] (pleasure?)	ińo (to laugh)		(h)inije-	ińe-	ūń-		18
To Go, Come	er-	er [erx(|DU.DU|); re, re6, re7, er, e-ra; er-re, i-ri] (perfect plural stem of ĝen[to go])	ī́re (to come, enter)	ẹ̄r-	ire-	ī-		ítá-r-	6
To Flow or Drip	er-	er [er2 [ir2, era2, ira2]; i-ra] (weeping, mourning; tears; to weep)	ire (to melt); [note also ī́ru (to be ashamed, shy, hostile)]	ẹri-		irū-			4		[ares (to be angry, to lose one's temper)]	[(arāru ? (to revile, curse))]	[jerV (damn; to swear, curse)]	[SD īr_- (anger, grief, fury)]
Throttle		ere [er13] (to press, throttle) (not archaic)							219
A Flour		eš [eš2] (a flour)
Rope, String		eš [eš2] (rope, thong, string)							10
Inside (sheltered place)	eč`	eš [eš3 [ez3]] (shrine) [shared orthography and pos. cognate with (tent)]	ič`u (inside)	ič	(h)iči-			utu	65			eššu (< Sum)	juča (junča)
Three	œč-	eš [eš5; eš-a-bi [is-a-bi], eš10] (three) [ES am3-mu-uš]	óče ? (late, evening) (late) (Jp best preserves "late" ǝ́sǝ́- > OJp oso-) [note isolated Tk. üč ~ öč (three); note re: Eme Sal ŋ[i̯u] (three, thirty) > ŋ ~ m ~ (e-)mo-oč; however because sixty appears to also contain ŋ[i̯u] + uš (possibly through us (to follow)), this may reflect us (lean) ~ prop or uš (foundation) ~ foundational three - or basically the last of the basic-concept numbers (single, dual, plural ~ first, following, many/last) ?]	[üč ~ öč ?]	öčüge		ǝ̀čǝ́i	ǝ́sǝ́-			(weskʷer-, wesper- (evening))		? wanša (old)
Musk ?	ka-	ga [ka3] (milk)	ki̯ájo (strong odour; smoke) (> smelly animal fluid) [Alt reconstruction may be confused with ki̯àjú (wind, air), leaving for this root Tk KAjɨr - OUygh qajɨr (castoreum, the odorous secretion of the beaver), and TM koja - Ulcha/Nanai qoja (secretion of a musk deer); when Sumeroaltaic formed, animal husbandry didn't exist, and so ka (animal secretion) would have looked more like (musk), but by the time Sumerian proper evolved, milk from animals would have been common, and a cultural feature totally absent from Sumeroaltaic (which to the extent it had a root for milk, might have referred to breastmilk)]	KAjɨr	kej	koja		káiN-púri	155			[Note AA > Chad > Ju ku (milk; breasts)
Arrowhead	kŏ(-kŏ)- (arrow > nail > clasp)	gag [[ĝeš]gag, gag [kak, ka15 [ki7]]; [urud]gag] (arrowhead; peg, nail)	k`ōki (hinge, hook) [*k- suggested by TM guk-] (Tk. kök, köken (hinge, nail, peg, clasp; tether), Jp kunki (nail, peg, hook), Kor kūkta (rowlock), Mng kögene (a string with a loop for binding animals); also possibly note gék`á (hook, bend) [-k- in TM]]	kök, köken	kögene	kūkta		kunki	57
Pock		gag [gag] (a pock; a disease) (not archaic)
Notch (v. / n.)	ge	ge [ge14, ge15, ge3, ge22, ge23] (blow; wound; stroke of the stylus; (piece of) writing, copy, exemplar, written) (not archaic)	gijo (notch, to cut aslant)	Kɨj-		gia-		ki
To Be Agitated	gĭg- (< gĭ-(gĭ-) ?)	gig [ge17, gib3] ((to be) sick; (to be) troublesome)	gĕ́gà ? (to be angry) (Wr Mng ɣaɣa-ra- (rave), TM geg (angry)); [maybe note gíme (defect) (commonly sick/illness)]	KAkɨ-	gaɣa-	geg-		kákúat-	43
Reed	ki-	gi (reed, cane; a unit of length)	kìjá (a k. of grass) (Mng kija- (young fresh grass on river banks), Tk Kɨj(g)ak (sedge))	Kɨj(g)ak	kija-	kijo-kta	kójōm	kàjá	977
Reed Thicket		gi [[ĝeš]gi] (reed thicket)							96
To Distill, Ferment	ge-	gi [gi, [šim]gi] (an essence)	gṑje ? (a k. of ferment)	göjü-		gū ( ~ *gǖ)	kɨ̄i-	ki
To Wander ?	kĭ-	gi [gi4 [ki8]; gi [ki2, ke2]] (to turn, return; to go around; to change status; to return (with claims in a legal case); to go back (on an agreement))	kḕju (pass beyond)	Kej-		kēj-		kúaja-	54
Cord, Net		gu [gu] (cord, net; unretted flax stalks)							54			qû (flax, thread, string)
Bank, Side		gu [gu2] (bank, side; neck)							30	[ḳÚHV (head)]		ahu ? ([gʷay- ?]			kɔ(ʔ) (PAA) ?
A Bird	kŭ-	gu [gu2[mušen]] (a bird) [also the stem of gu2-bi2[mušen] (a marsh bird)]	kúja ? (an aquatic bird)		Mng kajil- (sea gull; lark)	kuju- (goose; duck; young (of birds))	Kor kǝ̀jú, kǝ̀ijú (domestic goose)		1				käjV ((young) bird)
Nut, Berry	kŭ-	gu [gu2] (pulse, bean) (not archaic)	kúja (a k. of nut) (TM also in a compound meaning (blueberry))			kuju-kta	kài'òm	kaja
To Shout, Blow ?	ku-	gu [gu3] (voice, cry, noise)	ki̯àjú (wind, air)	KAj	kuj	kuje	kùrì-	kùjú-r-	6
(To) Eat ?	kŭ- (or gŭ-)	gu [gu7 [ku2]] (to eat, consume)	kujV [k`-, g-] (thick, saturated)	Koju-g			kǝ̄-r-	kuá-	456	(=ä̆G_wV [=V̆́GwV])	(gʷei(w)o- (live))		kuje (fat)		(CǝN)gVjH) ('thick' PAA)	gw- (feed)
Another, Other	go-	gu [gu7 [ku2]] (to square (math)) (not archaic)	gojV (different, other) (TM goj/gia > Lit Man. Guā (other, another); Mng gojar- > Wr Mng qojar (two))		gojar	goj / gia		kía		(HVq̇wV (strange, foreign))						gaw/gw- (other)
I (1st sg.)	ŋæ ?	ĝae [ĝa-e; later ĝe26] (I) [1st sg pronoun]	ŋa (1st obl)		na-m-		nà	a-	2	ŋV (I)	(n- (etc. 1st))	((an-) [ʔan-])		(njā- (I, we))	ŋau (etc 'I')	(naj (we))
To Rest, Dwell	ŋŏ-	ĝa [ĝa2, ĝe26] (house) (not archaic) [ES ma]	ŋū́ju (to sleep)	ū-dɨ-, ū-dɨ-k-la-	nojir	ŋu(j)a		úi-		(au- (pass the night)?)			(nOjV (to tire) )?
A Bird		ĝaĝa [ĝa2-ĝa2[mušen]]							1
Shaded Place, Dark	ŋa-(ŋa-)	giggi [giggi [gi6, ge6, ĝi6]] ((to be) black)	ŋi̯aji (lower side) [i.e. shaded area (blocked by something above) > dark > night]			ŋia-	nằrí-		13		nei- (lower, bottom)(or ḱei̯ǝ- ?)			(or ke-)	ŋVw ? (shade, dark)
Night		ĝi [ĝi6 [gi6]] (night) [< dark]							629
A Bird		ĝi [ĝi6[mušen]] (a bird)							1
Be It, Be He		he [he2 [hi2]; he2-a] (be it, be he)							4
To Mix		hi [hi] (to mix (up); process (skin; wool, in the latter possibly a stage between combing and spinning); alloy)							8
A Fish		HI [HI[ku6]]							4
Compound Verb Nominal Element (CVNE)		HI [HI] (cvne)
To Scrape, Dig	k`op`- ?	hu [hu] (to scrape off, grub up) (not archaic)	k`ap`V (to press, grasp)	Kap-	kab-	xap-ki-					kap- (cf. also ghab-)		kappV	kav-

Bisyllabic (VCV / CVC / VCVC / CVCV (/ VV / CVV / VVC)) Archaic Roots:  (This is a tad more difficult than monosyllabic as, for instance, asal2 could derive from a-sa-al or as-al, likewise apin might come from ap-in or a-pi-in etc.)

Meaning	Sumeroaltaic (Reconstruction)	Sumerian	Altaic	North Caucasian [or SC]	Indo-European	Akkadian [Afroasiatic]	Uralic	Dravidian	Austric	Kartvelian
Flooding		a-de2(-a) [to bring water]						(var_- ?)
Pleasure		a-ne
Times (Math)		a-ra2
Doorkeeper		a-tu
Doctor		a-zu / a-zu5 / azu [to know the water ?]				asû (< Sum) (> Semitic)
To Learn, Measure	e-aŋ	a2 aĝ2 (command; instruct) [measure the time/arm ?]	ēŋV ? (think, understand)	([ŋā (ST)] (know, be awake))	āw- (note, listen)	[ʔVngʷ- (brain) ?]	ajŋe (temple)	eṇ- (to count)
Manacles		a2-la2
A Wooden Object		a2-na
Livestock		ab2-udu
Rear Cow		ab2-ur2
Cosmic Underground Waters		abzu (< ZU.AB [The Knowing Sea ?])				apsû (< Sum)
A Profession		ad-NE
Treasure ??	agV ?	aga3 (tiara)	ằgò ? (trade (~))			agû (< Sum)
Sharp (Thing) / Ax	agV	aga3 (an ax)	ā̀gV (sharp, whet)
Clay ?		alan (statue)
Beam; Timber		am-ra				amrû
Elephant		am-si
Universe		an-ki [heaven and earth]
Tin or Lead		an-na
Upper		an-na
Plow Animal (?)	en-ǯe	anše (donkey) [an (~ungulate) - še (barley < food)]	ènŋù (young of an ungulate) (amča ? (plough)) ??		ein- (deer, roe) (āmāǯ (Pers) ? (plough)) ??
Upper		an-ta
An Official		ara
To Buy, Sell ??		arad2 [ir11], arad [ir3], ar3-tu (ES e-re) (slave, servant)		[HV̆́rV̄ (to change, borrow)]	ar- (to gain, distribute)	ardu (slave, servant)
Wall		ba8 [bad3]	p`ádo (or bĕ̀dù?)				paδV (dam, enclosure)	paṭ- (yard; dwelling)
(To Be) Far, Wide	pa(-t`) ?	ba9 [pe3] / ba [pa2] (-r / -d) ((to be) remote)	(p`át`à (uncultivated land, field (< stretch/wide)))		pet- (to stretch out)	petû [pitaḥ-] (to open)		(pāT- (field, garden bed))
To Dig, Excavate		ba-al
Unit of Capacity		ba-an
Bright, Light		babbar [bar6 / par] (white)		pārē [[p]ārē] ? (lighting, brilliance)		bar / bur ? (morning)
Turtle		ba-gi
To Turn		bal (turn; pour; term in office)		(ʡwilʡă (wheel) [ʡwelʡV̄́ (to roll, wheel)])	((e)wele- (twist, drag along))	palû (period of office) (< Sum) ([wV(H)l- (to turn, roll) ?]		(vaḷ-ai- (turn, surround))	(wial (round) PAA)
Spindle		balak [bal / bala]		gălV (stick) ?
Other Side ?	ba-r ?	bar / ba-ra (outside, (other) side)	baŕV ? (opposite, inimical)
A Fish		bara2
To Mix?		bara2
A Fish		ba-za
To Shine (of Sun) ?	bel ?	bil3 (to burn)	bĕ̀ló (pale) ?		bhel- (to flame) ?	[(bVlVg- (shine) ?]	(peĺkkä ? (clean) ?]	veḷ- (white) ?	(~balar (pale) ?)	(berc̣q̇ (to glitter) ?)
Locust		bir5
To Tear (Out)		bur12 [bu]	bóra ? (to divide)
~Pale Light, (Glow, Shine)	bu(-r)	bur2 [bu8] (light (; glow, shine))	boŕV (grey)	būrV (grey, brown) [bū́rV̆ (gray)]	bhrūn- (brown)	(barmu (particolored)) ? [buHar- (yellow, brown..)?]
(To) Free, (To) Loose ?	bu(-r)	bur2 [bu8] (to release, free)	bi̯ura (lose, abandon)		(bher (throw))		(pOra (fall))			(bar/br (diminish))
To Blow	bol ?	bul4	bolī- (Ewk) (to blow (of wind))		bhlē- (to blow...)					(ber- (to blow...))
A Fish		bul5
To Give, Offer ?	bor ?	bur ((food) offering, sacrifice)	bi̯ṓr[é] (to give)		bher- (to bear) ?	pūru (< Sum) [// barVʕ- (give)]		por- ? (join, unite)	(beRay (PAN) (give)?)	bar- (to confide, consign)
A Unit of Area		bur				būru (< Sum)
Crow	kor ?	buru4	[ki̯ăro]		(worn- ?) [ korw- ; also k'oro-]		warV ? [kOrnV]
Bird(s); Sparrow		buru5 [< ~bVrw ?]			werb- (?)
To Take, Hold	t`ab	dab / dab5(-dab5) (seize, take hold)	t`abi (to pick up, collect)
Round, Turn	t`eb ? [not sure why I suggested that; perhaps t`ep - variant of "pass through"?]	dab6 [da5] (go around, turn)	t`òp`ú ? (round)
Dwelling, To Dwell	t`ag	dag [tag2 / da8]	t`égè(-rV) (edge, border)		tk'ey- (to dwell, to inhabit)		taɣV (takV) (place)	taŋ-/tak- (to remain; to stay)
A Fish		da-ka
Bride (Price) ?	t`am	dam [da4] (spouse)	t`ằma (bestow, pay)
Pure, Clean		dan6
Unit of Length, Double Hour/Mile		da-na
To Break Up	t`a-r	dar (break up, crush, grind)	t`ájri (to scatter, disperse)		ter(y)- (to rub)		tara (to open)	tar_e- (to cut)
Red-Brown, Clay ?	t`er-	dara4 (red (; brown))	t`ḕŕù (dirt, dung)
To Support		da-ri
Eternal		da-ri2				dārû
Torn/Piece, (To Tear) ?	t`e(-k) ?	deg (RI) (to take; also tear out)	t`ĕ̀kí (piece, tear into pieces) ?
Call Out (a Name)	t`e-d	di (did) (lawsuit, trial)	t`édù (transmit)					dūd_- ? (mention a name)
(To) Pass (Through / Along)	t`e-p	dib (DI)	t`ằp`è (to go through)			(etēqu ?)		tav-iṛ- (?) (creep, crawl)		ṭoṗ- (to wade)
To Judge		di-ku5
Judge		di-ku5
Head ?	dilV ?	dili (single, sole, unique)	dilu (purest derivations seem to be generally TM dil/del "head" and Literary Manchu ǯili "horn foundation")			dēlu (< Sum)
	(not archaic in Sumerian; possibly a common derivation from dilV "head")	dilib (hair; equates with uruhhu (hair (of head); CAD says specifically perhaps forelock or hairline)	dilu (Tk. julɨŋ / jülüŋ (m;arrow; spinal marrow) Mng. ǯiluɣa; ǯulai, ǯula (brain; sinciput, fontanelle); TM dili (head; horn foundation))			[meaning-wise, equates with uruhhu (hair (of head) (CAD says specifically perhaps forelock or hairline))]
A Fish		dili
Stick, Post	t`em	dim (post)	t`ĕma (net string, net needle)			timmu
A Fish		dim
To Make	t`e-m	dim2 (DI) (create, make)	t`ámu (put into, gather)	[thǝ̄mH (many) ?]		[tVm (completed)]	temV (full)	tumb- (full, fill)	tVm (full)
Small Object, Figurine		dim3
Unmng		din
Big, Great	tir-	diri (great...) [tir4]	tī́ri (thick, plenty)	[TVrV (big, numerous)]	(dreu-)		tire (full)	tōr- (large, stout...)
Knee	t`o-p(`) [late?]	du10 [dub3]	t`op`u
Good	do-g	du10 [dug3]	di̯òge	=ĭnk_w [Vd=ĭk_wVn] (right)	dheugh- (ready, sufficient)
To Speak, Transmit (?)	t`u-k	du11 [dug4]	t`ukí (transmit)			(dababu ?)
An Affliction		du11-ga
Command		du11-ga
To Dig		dun [du24]
To Lay (warp)		dun [du24]
Elevation ?	t`u-d ?	du6 (-r / -d)	tī̀du ? (elevation)					tùd- ? (point, edge)		dud- ? (tip)
Cultic Place		du6-ku3
Fitting, Suitable		du7 (-r / -d)
Knock (Loose) ?	t`o-k` ?	duh [du8] (loosen, open)	t`ók`ù (hit, knock) ?	[tōk / thŏk (ST) ?]	teuk- (to beat)	takāku (press) [tuk (beat, press)]	tukV (to break)	tōɣ- (to kick, stamp)	TVk (to beat)
Bran		duh [du8]				tuhhu (< Sum)
To Hit, Knock [Loose] ??	(t`u-k` ?)	du8 [duh] (loosen, release)	t`ók`ù (hit, knock)	[tōk (ST)]	teuk (beat)		tukV (to break)	tōɣ- (kick, stamp)	TVk (beat)
Tablet		dub				ţuppu
To Beat, Strew ?	t`op(`) ?	dub (to strew)	t`i̯op`è ? (to trample)	[TVp (beat) (ST)]	tap- (press...)	dup- (push)	tappa (stamp)	tap- (to strike)	dVp (to beat)	ṭḳeb- (trample, press)
To Tremble		dub
Pot (/ Bowl) ?	t`o-g ?	dug ((clay) pot)	t`i̯age ? (a k. of vessel)
(To) Cover	t`ul	dul (to cover)	t`ū́ĺi ? (seed, egg)	[ṭVɫV (egg)]				tōl- (egg)
First, Chief (child) ?	t`um-	dumu (ES du5-mu) (child, son, daughter)	t`ŭmu ? (head, top of head) (Wr Mong. tomi (chief, first))
Totality		dur
Knot, Tie	dur	dur (...knot, bond, tie)	dŭŕi (ring)
Defile, Cleft		dur2
To Sit [tuš] pl		dur2
A Bird		dur2
Young Male Donkey		dur3 [ANŠE-ARADx(nita) male donkey]	t`ṓrV ? (young animal)
A Goat		durah [dara3] (wild / mntn goat)			tork(')- ? (he-goat, pig)	turāhu
(To Be) Soft		duru5
Tavern?		e2-da4
Chamber		e2-mi
Queen's Household		e2-mi2
Type of Ewe or Lamb		e3-li
Heavy Rope		ebih2				ebīhu
Female Donkey		eme3 / eme6
A Bird		EN.TI
Ruler	en-či	ensi2 (ruler, governor)	ā̀ńe(-č`V) [quiet, sit] / ā́ni [hold]			iššakku (< Sum)
Dream Interpreter		ensi3				ensû (< Sum)
Cedar		eren				erēnu
A Fish		eren2
Lady, Queen		ereš
A Fish		erin
To Yoke		erin2
Bond		eš2-la2
Hand / Within Reach ?	ŋa-l	ga7 [ĝal2] (ES ma-al) (to be (there, at hand))	ŋā̀li (hand) ?	χĕɫHe [χV̆ɫHé] (hand, sleeve)	ʔōlʌ- (elbow)		älV (lap) ?			ɣlia- (armpit)
CVNE		ga7-la
Chest, Rib Cage		gaba (breast, chest)	gébó (shell, husk)
Flax		gada				kitû
Decision, Intention ?	ka-(e)č ??	ga-eš8 [ka-eš8] (decision)	káče (wish, intent)				kaće (see, look, notice)
CVNE		ĝal2 (ES ma-al)
Lamentation Singer		gala				kalû (< Sum)
Mange, Scab, Leprosy		gan
To Bear Young	ken ?	gan [kan]	ki̯úne (person; people; country)		ǵenĕ- (give birth; be born)
Come On!		ga-na				gana (< Sum)
Field		gana2
A Bird, Ostrich		ga-nu11
Former, Retired		gar
Type of Bread		gar3
Stump, Arm ?	gar-	gar3 (knob)	gàrá (arm)			karru (< Sum) [(Eg. ǯry (hand))]		gar_- (long feather)
Cream		gara2			ghert- ? (dairy produce)	garû (< Sum)
To Kill, Slaughter		gaz								qeć- ? (tear, rip)
Mustard Seed; Licorice		gazi				kasû
To Carry With o.s.?		ge13 [ĝen / gin] / gi [gin6] (permanent)	ŋā̀ńì?		nēy- (lead)	(kīnu ?)		naṇ- (approach)
A Female of Inferior Social Status ?	gem- ?	geme2 (female worker)	gămo (concubine, co-wife) ?		g'em- (son-in-law, fiancé; to marry) [gʷen-, *gʷnā- ? (woman, wife)]	(kim- (family) ?) [kVm (to give birth)] ?				(kmar (husband))
Tree		ĝeš				(işu ?)
Lance, Spear		gi27-da
(To Be) Big, Tall	ge-t ?	gid2 [gi27] (-r / -d)	găte (strong, very)
A Reed Fence		gi-du3
A Grain	kip ?	gig (kib) (wheat)	kìp`é ? (bran, millet)			kibtu (?)
Unit of Weight, Shekel		giĝ4
Ax, Adze		giĝ4
Reed or Tree		gi-gi27
To Shine, Glitter ??	gil ?	gil (treasure)	gìlè (shine, glitter) ?	ḳV́lʡV [ḳV́lʡV] (white)	g'hel- /	[kalap- (red, brown)]	kīl- (BF glitter)	kiḷ- (rust, verdigris) ?
A Fish		gir
Scorpion		ĝir2
A Fish		ĝir2
A Bird		GIR2@g ?
A Fish		giri
Razor		ĝiri2 [gir2 ?]		[ḳirV́ (knife) ?]
Foot, Leg		ĝiri3 [gir3 ES me-ri] (via, by means of, under the authority of someone; foot)	(k`[ú]ŕa (pole; finger, toe))	ḳwĭrV (leg bone, leg of animal) [ḳwĭrV (leg)]	(karn-/-e- (handle))		(kurmV (handful))	kurV (hoof)
A Reed		gi-zi				kīsu (< Sum)
A Fish		gi-zi
A Bird		gu2-bi2				kupītu
Chair, Stool		gu2-za				kussû
A Garment		gu3-zi
Bull, Ox		gu4 (-r / -d) (bull, ox)	(k`akt`o Tk Kotuŕ (yak))		[gʷow- ? (cow)]			kōḍ- (bull, cow)
Bull		gu4-ab2
A Bird?		gu4-du7
Cowherd		gu4-us2
Friend, Comrade		gu5-li	(goli ? (female of an ungulate)
To Rise (Up) ?	gop	gub [gup] (to stand)	gi̯ṓp`e ? (to swell, form blisters)
To Bathe, Wash		gub2
Tooth		gug
Offering, Cake		gug2				kukku ((< Sum ?) also Aram/Arab)
To Kill, Destroy ?		gul (destroy)		(=ilqwV (to die) ?)	gʷel- (cause pain, kill)		kola (to die)			q̇wil- / ḳal- / q̇law- (to kill)
Big, Great	gal-	gal(-gal) / gu-la (big, great)	gi̯ălu (thick, whole) (/ gaĺi (to contest) ?)	[Possibly translated as 'shang' (above/great) if it's possible the Xiongnu Chanyu Laoshang is a partial translation of lu-gal as /lu/-GREAT(shang)]	(g(h)alǝ- (to be able))			(gel- (to win))
Sheaf of Reeds		gu-la2				?
Light	gon	gun3 (speckled, multicolored)	gi̯òjńu (dawn, daylight)	[k]wăńɦV (light)	gʷhei- (light, bright)	?	koj[ń]e (morning dawn)		(kāŋ (PAA) (moon))
Unit of Capacity		gur				kurru
To Reject..., Turn Away		gur
To Cut	gur	gur10 (to reap)	gi̯óro (to cut, carve, shear)	([ḳirV́ (knife) ?)	g'har(a)- (scratch, scrape)	[ḳaraʕ- (cut)]		gīr_- (lines)	KVr (to scrape, dig)
(To Be) Thick	gor	gur4 ((to be) thick)	gŭri (wide, broad, thick)			kabru (?)
To Grind, Grate		gur5
Harvest Season (?)	bor- ?	gur7 (buru) (harvest, summer)	(pŏ̀ru ? [< borV ?] (to snow, rain))			ebûru (?)	(purkV (snowstorm))	poṛ- (?) (to pour)		bur (fog Georg))
An Animal		gur8
Unmng		gur8
Grain Heap		guru7				karû
(To Be) Tufted ?	guč- ?	guz (tufted)	guči (eagle) ?				(kočka (eagle) ?)
To Be Bright		ha-ad
A Plant		hab2
Smell, Stench	(h)ap ?	hab2 (maloderous, fetid)	ap`i (wind, vapour) ?			happu (< Sum ?)	ipV (taste; odor) ?		(ha[ɣ]um (smell, aroma) ??)
Round, Ring	k`er	har [hir2] (ring)	k`erV (to go / walk around)		ker- (circle, round object)		kerä (round, rolling)
A Bird		har
To Tear, Break Off	k`aǯ-	haš (break off)	k`ĕǯa (to rip, tear apart)			haşābu (?)	kečV (knife)	kac- (to bite, sting)		(ḳac̣r-, ḳac̣wr- (to scatch))
Plenty		he2-ga7 (heĝal)				hegallu (< Sum; Akk > Hur)
Acrobat		hub2				huppû
Bronze Arrow		hud4
To Possess / Master (?)	k`oŋ ?	huĝ (to hire, rent); huĝ (to pacify)	k`i̯óŋi (head of clan)	[Possibly preserved in the name of Wuwei, Xiongnu Chanyu (Qaʁi)]
To Destroy		hul				qallu (?) [ḳal (small)]
Ruined, Maloderous	k`ol-	hul (ruination)				k`i̯aĺu (~ k`i̯oĺa) (dirt, unpleasant odor)
Joy, Rejoice		hul2
Joy	mag- (to make noise)	makkaš (lamentation; clamor, uproar) [post-2000 bc origin]	mi̯àga (glory, praise); Tk. bAgatur (hero); Mg. magta- (praise, glorify); TM m[ia]g- (shamanize; make noise); Kr. mār (speech); màwǝ̀-s- (to speak (polite))
Angry		huš (furious, angry)	k`i̯úsè ? (bad behavior)			ezzu (?)
A Fish		huš
Doorkeeper		i3-du8				atû
Divination?		i3-gi27
Month		i3-ti / i-ti / iti (itud) (moon)
A Garment		ib2-du3
Face	eŋ- ??	igi [ini2] (face)	òŋè ? (exterior, front)		u̯eng'h- (neck, cheek) ?
Eye ?	eg- ??	igi (eye)	uk`u (understand, look into)	=agwV (to look, see)	okʷ- (eye)	[ʕaḳ- (know, see)]		āk- (to know) (/ o(i)k- (to see) ?)	wVk (to train, teach)
Unit of Area/Volume		iku				ikû (< Sum)
Last Year		im-ma
Clan		im-ru
Clay Cover		im-si				imšukku (< Sum)
A Fish		in-gi4
A Fish		i-zi
A Fish		kad4
To Tie, Gather		kad4
A Bread		ka-gu7
Rare, Valuable		kal
To Tune?		kam [ka13]
Gate	ka-n ?	kan4 [ka2] / ka	kenta (threshold, gate; -ABL?)
To Flee		kar [ka11]
Harbor, Quay		kar [ka11]
To Insult, Anger	kar	kar2 (insult, slander)	kàra (opposite, enemy) (/ kéro (fight, kill) ?)		kory- (war, troops) (/ kar(w)- (offend, punish)	[q̇araw- (war, fight)]	(/karV (afraid, scared))	kar_ (anger, enmity) (/ kir_ / kor_ (angry))
Beer		kaš2		(=Hić_V ? (rot, ferment))
To Move, Go ?	keč ?	kaš4 [kas4] (runner, trotter, messenger)	kóčè ? (to nomadize, transport)
To Bind		keše2 (-r / -d)
Desire ?	ke- ?	ki-aĝ2 (to love)	kaje ? (love, covet)		kā- (dear; lover)		keje (mate, pair, flirt)			ḳo- (to wish)
Mat, to Weave ?	ked ?	kid (reed mat)	ki̯àdi (seem, to sew, lace) ?			kītu (< Sum)
Hit, Stamp ?	ket` ?	kid2 (break off, pinch off)	kā́t`e (to knock (of hooves), trot)
Type of Fish		kiĝ2
To Work		kiĝ2
Threshing Floor		ki-ga7 (kiĝal)
Weight		ki-la2
A Fish		ki-mu11
Wild Dog ?	ker- ?	kir4 (hyena)	keru(ĺV) ? (k. of predator [~wolf/bear])					(karaḍ-i (black bear))
Plantation, Orchard		kiri6				kirû
(The) Thing(s)	kes- ?	kiš [kis] (totality, world)	késu (thing, sort, order)			kiššatu (< Sum ?)	(käske (to order, invite))
Empty Place	ki-ǯ(?)ur	ki-su7 [kisur - place of ~abandonment (i.e. threshing)]	ki̯aǯurV (sand, steppe, earth [Mng. kuǯir 'salty earth'])
Lower		ki-ta
A Fish		ki-zi
Metal, Silver		ku3 (-r / -d)			gʷedh- ?			koṭ- ?
(To Break Off a) Piece		ku5 (-r / -d)
An Animal		ku5-da
Underwater ?		ku6 [kud] (fish)	kùdá ? (submerged)		g?adh- (drown) ?			(ku?- (drink) ?)
Stair(case)		kuĝ5
To Run		kul [ku9]
Unit of Liquor		ku-li
(To Be) Hot	um ?	kum4 [um2] / kum2	umV ? (fire, to burn)			emēmu (?) ([ʕumr- ?])	(umrV (flame))
Tail, Braid ?	kun- ?	kun (tail)	kunu (fold, twist) ?							?
Mountain, Hill ?	gur ? (/kur) ?	kur [gur16] (underworld (mountain))	k`ori (hill; embankment, boundary) [?]	GwērV (stone)	gʷer(w)- (mountain)		kurV (hill, elevation)	kùr_ (name of a mountain tribe)		gora (hillock)
To Burn; Burnt ?	kur ?	kur (to burn, light)	kàru (black) ?	xḳărV́ (black; coals)	kerǝs- (black) ?	[ḳVrh- ?]		kar- (black; to burn)
To Go, Enter ?	kur	kur (to enter)	kure (run, quick)		kors- (to run, hurry)		kürъ (Sam to run away, flee)
Basket, Vessel	kur- ?	kur2 (unit of capacity based on vessel size)	kúra(mV) ? (sheath, basket)
Distinguish, Differentiate	kur	kur2 ((to be) different)	ki̯óru (rank, position)
Skin	kuč` ?	kuš (skin)	káč`u (covering, skin)				k[ä]ćća (skin, hide)			(xoc̣- ? (to cut out, [to] skin))
Tired		kuš2	ki̯oči ? (nasty)
A Unit of Length		kuš3
Powerful, Rich ?	kuč` ?	kuš7 (a high official)	kūči ? (power)			kizû (?)	kiśV [küśV] (rich)
Summer		kuš7				(qēşu (CAD W Sem ??))	kačV (warmth) [or maybe kesä (summer) ?]
To Bring [de]		lah4
Syrup		lal3	làlè (sticky substance)
To Flourish, Grow ?	lam- ?	lam (flourish)	(lēmo (fresh, raw; vegetables?)							(lumb- (wet))
Inner Organ	lib-	lib (inner body; heart)	li̯ap`V (spleen) ?		(lepr- (liver))	libbu [la/ipʔ- (/ li/ubb (heart)]	läppV (spleen)		limpa (spleen) ?
Man		lu2-lu7				lullû (< Sum)
To Clean, Wash		luh			lawe- <PIH *-Hʷ-> (to wash, to bathe) ?					leqw- / lqw-
Full, Replete, Satisfied		lum
A Fish		lum
Type of Bag		lu-ub2
Salt-Water Fish		lu-ub2
Type of Pole		ma-gi27
A Towed Boat		ma-gi27				makkītu (< Sum)
Freight Boat		ma2-la2
To Be Old, Big	mek` (because of the dramatic connotative split, presumably an ancient Proto-Sumeroaltaic root)	mah2 ((to be) great)	mók`ì (old, aged) (Mng. mökü- (to perish, fade away); TM muxu (to lose powers, to be exhausted)			(This is associated with rabû (to be big; to grow), which suggests a similar possible connotative shift from rb (grow) to rb (great) in the sense of large/largesse).		mug (to end, terminate)
Female Neighbor		ma-la
Dream		ma-mu
A Unit of Weight		ma-na				manû
Louse		mar
To Roll, Turn ?	mar- ?	mar (wagon)	máro (roll, bend) ?
To Winnow		mar
Interest (on a loan)		maš
Goat		maš			(ū̆sr- (aurochs))		wača ~ waća (young animal: female deer, foal)			wać- (ram)
Basket		ma-sa2				masabbu
Tiara, Type of Crown		men
Blackness		mes
A Tree	meś ?	mes (a tree)	mésV (wild apple, grape)	ʕämćṓ (apple, medlar) [ʕämćṓ (fruit)]	((a)masl- ?)	mēsu				mc̣q̇aw- (k. of cherry tree)
Great, Old (?)	meś	mes (hero)	mása (more, stronger)							meć- (old, elder)
One's Own		me-te
Same	men	min (two)	mḕnò (self, body)					mēn- (body)
North Wind		mir						vàḍ- (north) ?	(wiʔri (left (side) ?)
Stump		mud
Tube, Socket	mot`	mud	mi̯ót`i (joint)					muṭ- (knee, elbow)
Delivery		mu-du
Beer Jar		mudx(LAK449) / mud[urudu]	módè (bend, circle) ?
A Kind of Garment		mug
Cup or Bowl		muh	(pos. bi̯uk`e (vessel/gourd))
To Shine	ŋol- ?	mul (star; to shine)	ŋi̯ōle (red, pink; yellow) ?
A Fish		mun
Brackish		munu3
Rotten, Overripe ?	mun-	munu4 (malt)	mi̯ójńi (become overripe, rot)
A Profession		munu4
Worm, Snake	moč` ?	muš (snake)	m[a]bči (worm, insect)	miʒ_Ă (stinging insect) [míʒV]	mous- (fly, stinging fly, gnat)		(omča ? (a k. of insect, bug))	(muS(j)[-ir_-] (red ant))	mVc (ant)	(mć̣er- (insect, fly))
Type of Fish		muš
To Cuddle?		muš3
Flat Space		muš3
A Bird		mu-X
Son-In-Law		mi2-us2-sa (son-in-law)				māšu (twin) (obviously, though this may be the genetic cognate, it is not close connotatively) [(Sem): Ug. mt_ (child); Eg. ms (child); E Ch. mič- (small boy, child, son)] ?
To Drink (/ To Water)	naŋ	na8 [naĝ] (to drink)	ni̯àŋu (field, grazing place, hunting place)		(yAun- (fixed place))
A Musician		nab	ńū̀bV ? (entertainment)
Potash, Soap		naĝa
Mortar		naĝa3
A Fish		nam
Set Path, Drawn ? (or 'to curse'?)	nam ?	nam (ES na-aĝ2) (determined order (fate))	ńi̯àmi (trace) (or ńi̯áme (to curse, harm) ?)		neme- (to be angry, to scold			nav- (to sulk, be jealous)
Somebody		na-me
Musician	ner ?	nar	ni̯uru (song and dance) ?
A Plant		ni-a
Female Dog		nig	ŋi̯ā̀k`u ? (dog, wolf)				(ńukśe (sable, marten)); (Sam noka)	(n[u]kuṛi (dog))
Possession; Thing ?	niŋ	niĝ2 (ES aĝ2) (thing)	nìŋi (burden, load)
Fly, Insect		nim
Lady	neŋ (/ niŋ ?)	nin [nim2] (ES ga-ša(2)-an, ka-ša-an) (lady)	nĕ́ŋu (female relative (sister or sister's wife)		(i̯enǝ-ter- (brother's wife))		niŋä (woman, female)	nānd_- (female relative)
Sister		nin9
Male		nita
Ewes or Nanny Goats		nu2-a
(To) Lie Down, (Go To) Sleep (?)	no- ?	nud [nu2] (-r / -d) (to lie down (of people))	ŋū́ju (to sleep) ?	(au- (pass the night)?)			nOjV (to tire) ?
A Profession		nu-ka
Prince		nun
To Discover ?	pa-t	pa3 [pad3] (to find, discover)	p`ḗt[e] (name, to call)					pedj-[ar] (name)
To Break	pat`	pad (to break (into bits))	p`ā̀t`à (to strike, hit)			[fet- (break, cut)]		peṭ- (to hit; to push)		(petk (to burst, break))
Bow / Bone ?	pa-n(a) ?	pana	p`èjńé ? (bone) ?	[Paŋ (tooth) ?]			piŋe ? (tooth)		ipen/fan (tooth)
Large Mouse		peš2
A Bird		peš2
Fig	peč` ?	peš3 (fig)	p`úč`í (...willow, blossoming bush)				pećV (willow)	pūS- (k. of tree (with fruits))
Surpassing, Outstanding		rib
To Donate		rig7
To Withstand		ru-gu2
(To) Tie (Shoes)		sig [sa2]
Regular Temple Offerings		sa2-du11				sattukku (< Sum)
Healthy, Good	se-g	sag8 [sa14 / sig15] / sag9 (good, beautiful, sweet)	sḕgù (healthy; blood)	[sV́QV̆] (live, breathe)	(esH-r (blood))
Designation of Goats		ša3-du10
Rail (of a doorframe)		ša3-si
To Connect, Hold ?	ǯap ?	šab (clay sealing)	ǯap`ù ? (to hold, connect)		sep- (take into hands) ?			čap- (clap hands) ?		ć̣ap- (to take, gather)
A Net		sa-du3
Person, Individual; People ?	čaŋ	saĝ (head; person)	č`aŋo (people, gathering)
CVVE		saĝ
Strike, Beat		sag3
Strew, Shake ?	sak	sag3 (throw (down))	sā́ki (jump shake)		skek- (run, to spring)		(ćäkće (jump, hop))	so-k ? (climb)		sḳin- (jump, leap)
A Priest		saĝa2
Reed Bundle		sa-gi
A Mat		sah				suhhu (< Sum)
Pig		šah		ǯa[r]q̇V (sow, pig) ?		šāhû (< Sum)
Isolated, Sparse	sal-	sal (thin, fine)	sálo (separated)
To Winnow		sal4
Purchase Price		sam2	[čā̀ma (ǯām-) (hesitate, argue) ?]			(šīmu ?)
Fertile ? Soil	sar (śar)	sar (garden)	si̯ắŕi (earth, sand; marsh)	swVre (earth, sand)	[k'er- ((s)ḱer-) ?]	(mūšaru) ([sVhr- ?])	(śarV~ (*ćarV) (excrement))	(saṛap- (cow dung))
To Recite ?	sar (śar)	sar (to write)	sarV (song, feast)				(śarna (incantation; speech)
Nauseated		sar
Designation of Cows		šar
To Slaughter		šar2
All, A Lot ?	ǯer	šar2 (totality, world)	ǯ[i̯ō]ŕo (a big number)
Upset With ?	ǯer-	šara2 (to slander)	ǯḕri (annoyed, disgusted)			šâru (/ [ǯV(H)r- (angry, frightened)]				źar- (...to be scared; to be unpleasant)
Grain-Ration		še-ba [to divide barley]
A Tree		še-du10
Mudbrick		šeg12 [še27] (ES še-eb) (mudbrick)	ši̯ṑgV ? (juice) ?
To Cook		šeĝ6
A Fish		šeg9
Precipitation	sig (śig) [also A.ŠU2.NAGA; perhaps originally šeŋ > [a]šneg]	šeg9 [sig14] (snow)	sigí (rain, (snow) storm) [or si̯uŋe (hoar-frost)]		[or  sneigʷhe- (snow)]		(sikśe (autumn)) [or šüŋe]	sug-i (harvest SDR) [or ciṇ- (drop, drizzle)]
Corriander		še-lu2				[Eg. š3.w ?]
A Metal		še-lu3
(To Be) Pure	(possibly a Uralic loan)	šen ((to be) pure, clean)	zèjńa (new) (jaŋɨ / jeŋi (new); Mng. sine (new); TM seńe- (raw, unripe))	c̣ä̆nʔV (new)			šeŋä (good, healthy)		(ʔcVŋ (clean, bare) ?)
Cauldron		šen
Bitter, Brackish		ses
Brother		šeš
A Fish		šeš
To Place	se-g (śe-g ?)	si [sig9] / si3 [sig10]	ségì ? (to litter, mat)							c̣q̇(w)- (to pile up, arrange) ?
A Pot		šid
Count(ing)		šid
Pluck Hair or Wool		sig7
Class of Worker		sig7
Designation of Cows		sig7
Wool, Fleece; Hair		siki [sig2]
Street		sila
Unit of Capacity		sila3
Cut (of Meat)		sila3
Lamb		sila4
Swallow		sim
Type of Basin		šim
Aromatic Substance		šim
To Smell, Sniff	sem (śem ?)	sim [sin2 / šim2 / šam4 / si13]	saŋu(ńV) (smoke)	sHwínṭV (sniff, snuff)	(sneu-) ?	([sin- (nose)])	su/üŋV (taste, smell); säŋe (smell)		cVŋ (smell; nose)	św-en- (breathe, sigh, rest)
Testicle		šir
A Song		šir3
Fair, True (of gur[unit])		si-sa2
A Priest		šita
To Give	ču-g	su [sug6] (to repay a loan)	či̯ŏge (give, exchange)	=i[ć]V (dist., sell) [=i[ć]V (give, sell)]		[čay- (give) ?]		śī- (to give)		ć- (beat, give)
Distant		su3 (-r / -d)				(nasahu ?)
Qualification of Land		su3-la
Wooden Item		šu4-a
Threshing Floor		sur [su7]
Rest Upright	su-k	su8 [sug2] (to stand)	soke (kneel, be inclined)
Wild Cat		su-a
To Suck		sub [šub]	ši̯úp`ù (to suck, hold in mouth)	c̣uṗV (suck) [[c̣]uṗV (sucking)]	sūp- (gulp; broth, soup)	ĉVp- (?) (suck, absorb)		cub- (to suck)	cVp (suck)	c̣ob- (to suck)
To Fall		šub	ǯobá (cut, crush) ?
Prayer, Dedication		šud3
Fully Equipped, In Full Working Order		šu-du7
(To Be) Empty	č(`?)u-g	sug4 [su3] ((to be) empty)	č`i̯ū́[g]a (scarce, poor)				čukka (loss; to spoil, lose)	ʒok- (PGn)
Unmng		šu-ga7
Penis	suku	suku5 (not archaic) (pole)	si̯ū̀ku (to copulate, insert) (TK sik- (to copulate, penis); Mong sige-d- (to get stuck, removed); TM sōKān (to copulate, copulation))			šukû (door pole (Sum. loan))
Fisherman		šu-ku6
(To Be) Manly		šul
Salted, Pickled Meat		su-la2
A (Metal) Vessel		šu-la2
Saw		šum
To Slaughter		šum
A Fish		šum
To Give		šum2
Garlic		šum2
Crest, Beard (?)	su-n ?	sum4 [sun4 / su6] (beard)	sū̀na (crest, hair lock) ?
Cypress		šu-me
To Spin; To Twist		sur
To Press, Squeeze		sur
A Bread		sur
(To Be) Furious		sur2
Half		sur3
Sink Down		šuš
Priest		šuš
Finger; Unit of Length		šu-si
Two	teb	tab (to double)	ti̯ubu	((t)xq̇wV̄)	dwe-	(tawʔam (twin Sem))	(to-ńće (second))			(ṭq̇u- (twins))
To Lean On, Hold ?	ta-(g) ?	tag [ta3] (touch, take hold of)	taja (to lean on) [or ti̯ok`e (touch, reach)]	(dUjV (dark) ?) [or ST tǝ̄k]	[or tag(')]	[or  tVyak- (take)]	taje (to bow, incline) [or takka]	[or tag- (to touch)]
To Attach, Add	tak`	tah (to add, increase)	tàk`u (attach, touch, reach)
Set Aside, Leave Behind		tak4
Big, Broad	ta-(l)	tal2 [ta7] (big, good)	tā̀jV (broad, expand)
To Trust		tam
Kind of Fish		tar
To Cut Down		tar
A Bird		tar
(To Be) Near To		teĝ4 [ti] / teĝ3 [te]
Pole, Part of Wooden Object		til
(To Be) Completed		til
To Live		til3
Mud		tir (mud; ( > ?) forest)
Unmng		ti-sa2
To Give Birth		tud
A Kind of Plow ?		tug
To Plow, To Apply a Certain Type of Plow		tug	(tŭ̀gì (to pound) ?)
To Sew, Garment ?	tog	tug2 (textile, garment)	teg[u] (to make knots, tie a hook)
To Reach, Get To	t`uk-	tuku [duk2 / du12] (to acquire, get)	t`ukì (come to an end, exhausted)		dgʷhey- (disappear, die)	[dag- (forget, lose)]	(tëwkä (stop))	teg- (full, finished)		(dagr- (end))
Architectural Feature		tul2
Wild Dove		tum12				(summatu ?)
A Fish		tum12
Suitable		tum2
Unmng		tum2
To Bring [de]		tum3
Wind		tumu	túmu (cold, snot)					tum- (to sneeze)
Lip		tun3
Small	t`u-r	tur [du13-rV] (to be) small [presumably identically derived as with tur (child)]	t`ṓro (weak, hungry, unable)		ter- (tender; young)	[ṭrʔ- / trr (fresh / new)]	tōre (fresh, raw)	tār_- (thin, dried)
Child, Be Born	t`ur	tur [du13 ...?] ((young) child) [presumably developed along with tur (small) from the same source]	t`ŏ̀ri [t- ?] (to be born, copulate); [t`ṓro (weak, hungry, unable)]		(tu̯er- ?)
Enclosure, Vessel ?	tur ?	tur3 (animal stall)	tṓŕu (birch bark, vessel made of birch bark) ?
To Sit (down)		tuš
A Bird		u2-du
A Place for Storing Fish		u2-mu11
A Bird		u-bi2
A Bird		ud-ša
A Bird		ud-ur
Raven		uga
A Bird		uga
Old Woman	[see ama]	um-ma
A Fish		unu
A Bird		ur3-ab2
A Fish		ur-ba15
A Vessel		uri
Standard (Flag)		urin				urinnu (< Sum)
To Guard		urin
Gathering, Town	uru	uru11 / iri (city)	i̯úrù (to gather, crowd)		werǝ- (to string, put in a row)			ur_- (numerous, abundant)
Flood, Deluge		uru18
Copper		urud			(e)reudh- (red)
Pacification		urun
(To Be) Exalted		urun
Evening		usan
Weaver		uš-ba15				išparu (?)
Cella, Shrine		uz-ga
Flesh		uzu
Arm, Side (Flank) ?	č`a-k ?	zag [za3] (arm (side, right ?))	č`ak`e ? (forearm)	č̣V[l]ḳ_wV (hoof, foot)		[c/c̣uḳl- (thigh, leg, elbow)]	săg (Kant foot); čæwɣa (Sam hock)			(ć̣q̇rta (elbow))
Fall, Disappear ?	? zak`	zah2 (to disappear)	zi̯à[k`]ó (to hang, droop)
To Wake, Be Awake ?	zel	zal (to get up early)	zela (to be awake; to live)
To Cut, Tear		zar3 (sheaf (of barley))	č`àro (to cut off, tear off)	c̣ǝ̆wră (sharp, sharp instrument)	(s)kerǝ- (to cut)	sarru [zarru/ṣarru] (sheaf (of barley)) [/ c̣ir- (cut) ?]	(ćärke- (to break; to ache))	car- (tear, split)		č̣ar- / č̣r-
A Fish		za-ri2
A Bird		zeh
Right		zid
Flour		zid2
Swell, Rise	č`i-k	zig3 [zi] (issue; raise, levy)	č`ĭk`a (rise, sprout)					śig- (sprout, shoot)
To Cut, Tear	č`ir	zir [zi] (to tear out)	č`ire (to cut, scrape)
Emmer Wheat		ziz2	č`eč`u (flower) ?
Watercourse		zubi
To Steal		zuh
Round, To Turn	č`um	zum	č`i̯úmu (round(ed) object)
A Fish		zum
To Take Care		zur
To Break		zur-zur

I think this was intended to be a Swadesh List; I'll omit IDs that aren't critical and that don't match the form closely enough (so for instance with the deictic particle e- (third row), I'll omit anything not suffixed with -n-).

Meaning	Sumeroaltaic (Reconstruction)	Sumerian	Altaic	North Caucasian [or SC]	Indo-European	Akkadian [Afroasiatic]	Uralic	Dravidian	Austric	Kartvelian
You (sg)	se	zae	si
We		menden		[t:V (WC)]					tV
You (pl)	[se(-n)]	menzen
They	[e-n-n]	anene (enene)	é (that (deictic root)) [Mong. e-ne (that); also Tk/Jp]		en- (pron. dem.: that)			a (that [part. Kolami-Gadba & Gondi-Kui])
How?		agin / anagin
All	keš (of a set)	kiš	késu (thing, sort, order)
Many	ǯer	šar2 (a lot; total)	ǯ[i̯ō]ŕo
Many		mah (great)			meg'a- ?	mag- ?		mik-	mak-
Few		(~ small [tur])
One		diš, (ES) did/dit
Two (< same ?)	men (same)	min (two; ditto)	mḕnò (self, body)
Three		peš
Four		limmu
Five		ya
Big	gul / gal ?	gal (& gula)	gi̯ălu / gaĺi (to contest)
Wide	? (~t`aŋ-)	daĝal	t`āno (stretch, pull) ?	[dVŋV (pull)]					ta:ŋ (PAA; stretch)	ṭen- (stuff, pack tight)
Thick	gur	gur4	gŭri
Heavy		dugud
Small	tor ?	tur	t`ṓro (weak, hungry, unable) *If aspiration wrong
Short	luk- ? (compact, tight)	lugud	li̯u[k]u (thick, dense)
Narrow		hulu
Thin	sal	sal	sálo (to be separated)
Woman		munus (ES nunus)		nŭsA [nŭsÁ]		nisw-				nezv- (female animal)
Person		i3-li2 (man) (non-archaic) (possibly a loan) [theoretically, might be read ha-li2]	k`i̯uĺe (person) (Tk kiĺi > Old Orkh/Uygh kiši (person, people); TM (x)ile - Evenki ile (person))		((s)kʷel- (person))
Man (adult male)		na
Man (adult male)		nu
Child	du- ?	dumu (ES du-mu)	Manchu jui (son/child) ?
Bird		mušen (ES mutin)		[ɦ[ć̣]ɨ̄́nĭ] ?
Snake	moš	muš	m[a]bči (worm, insect)
Worm	? [mar (~wer)]	mar (ĝar)	ebVrV (worm, snake)
Tree	? ŋeš ? (ES mo)	ĝeš (ES mu)	[Tkic os] (mū́ro; root reconstruction wrong - ~ mo)		ōs- (ash)	[Eg ʕš (cedar)]
Forest		tir								ṭewr- ?
Stick		unu ?
Fruit	ol	ul ?	ŭ̀ĺà (hemp) / ójle (small fruit) ?
Fruit	kur-	gurun (kurun)	kŏ̀ru (nut)
Fruit		bil2-ga
Seed		numun
Grass		sas [~ Akkadian?]
Meat		niĝšuma
Blood		mud
Blood	moŋ (?)	umun	mi̯oŋe (?)
Egg		nunuz [nuz-nuz ?]
Tail	kun ?	kun	kēńa (front leg, armpit, angle)						ka:ń ? (PAA; branch)
Hair		siki	č`[i̯a]k`I (temple, ear) ?
Hair		munsub (also barber)
Head	čaŋ	saĝ (head, person, capital)	č`aŋo (people, gathering)
Ear	ŋeǯ- (weǯ-)	ĝeštug (ES muštug) (reason, plan; wise; wisdom, understanding; ear)	ḗbǯo (to see, understand) ?	=ămc̣Ĕ (to know, see) ?	ous- ?
Ear	ŋeč`- (weč`-) ?	ĝizzal (wisdom; understanding; ear; hearing)	ič`V (to hope, see)
Nose		kiri3
Mouth	ka-k ?	kag (ka)	kek`V (palate, throat) ?
Mouth		pu3 [< Akkadian]
Fingernail		umbin [< Akkadian]
Foot		ĝiri (ES meri)
Leg		pah
Belly	k`aš (lower body)	haš2(-bar) [also haš4] (lower body, abdomen; thigh -(belly; womb))	k`ā́sa (place between limbs)
Guts		šagniĝin (intestines)
Back	[tentatively ger-]	eĝir (egir)	kèro (back, to return) ? [only Turkic gErü]
Breast		ubur			bhreus- ?	bVr- (Cush, Sem) ?		bōr-
Liver	ur	ur (liver; main body, bulk)	ṓŕì (middle, inside)
Bite		zu2 kud
Blow	bol-	bul	bolī- (Ewk) [or bŭlu (cloud)]
Breathe	paŋ (agape)	pa-aĝ2 (breathing, breath; to breathe)	p`éŋi (to gape, hole)
See		igi duh / igi la (others? Akkadian confusing)
Hear	ŋeǯ- (weǯ-)	ĝeš tuku (to listen, hear)	ḗbǯo (to see, understand)
Think		šag4 dab / šag4 dab5
Fear		ni2 teĝ3 (fear approach)
Fear		su zig3 (skin rise)
Sleep		u3 ku / u3 ku4
Kill	kas (to be hostile, hurt) ?	gaz (gas / kas)	kasa (to prohibit, be in one's way)
Fight		du14 mu2
Hit		tud2
Cut		zi2
Cut	bur	bur (bu3 ??)	bùro (to break, crush)
Cut	ket ?	kid7	ki̯ā́tu (sharp tool; notch) ?
Cut		guruš3 (/4)
Cut		šuš4
Split		dar
Scratch	k`ur	hur	k`[ŭ]ri (to rake up)
Scratch		suhur
Scratch		umbin la2 (to hang the nail)
Dig		bal (ba-al & bal)
Dig		dun
Fly		dal
Fly		baraš (ab-ra-aš >)
Sit		tuš
Sit		dur (imp. s.)
Sit		durun (pl.)
Sit		dur ĝar
Sit		dub3 ĝar
Sit		dub3 gurum
Stand	gop ?	gub	gi̯ṓp`e (to swell, form blisters)
Turn (intr.)		bala
Turn (intr.)		niĝin2
Fall		šub
Hold		haza
Hold		šu du8
Squeeze (?) (& press)		sur
Squeeze		hir
Squeeze		hehezer [syll.]
Rub		sub (& sub6) ?? [unclear on early meaning; probably 'suck' and not rub]
Rub		ur5
Wash		luh
Wash		a tu15 / a tu17 / a tu5
Wash		me
Wipe		šu su-ub ?
Pull		šu dub
Push	t`u (extend the arm) ?	du7	t`ŭja (to give, give a feast) ??
Throw		gurud
Tie	kad	kad4	kádù (a k. of harness (bridle)) / ki̯àdi (seam, to sew, lace)
Tie		kešed
Sew	bul- (to bore, puncture)	bulug [also needle]	bi̯ŭ́le (to rub, whet)
Count	sed (or šed ?)	šid (really sid ?)	sèdá (to think, determine)
(Moon)	(loan)	šer (sir2 > še-er) (reddening; bright; radiance)	zēra (Old Tk. jaru- (to shine); Old Mng. sara (moon))	ʒ_whărī / *ʒ_wăhrī (star)		[ĉahar- (star, moon); Sem. ŝahr- (new moon)]
Sing	ser ?	šir3 [sir3]	sarV (song, feast)
Play		ene dug4
Float	t`er ? (melt, drip) ?	dirig [diri] (drift; float; soak; dissolve)	t`i̯árV (to melt)
Swell	ul- (be soaked, bloated) ?	ul	ŭ̀lu (to soak, wet)
Swell		maz
Moon		itud [iti, itid] (& i3-ti & i-ti)
Water		eš10
Water		illu
Water		nag-bu [possibly derived thus, flitting ~waters]
Water	neg-	niĝin	neku (lowland, water meadow) ?
Rain		šeĝ3 [še7]
Rain	em- (water; or falling water ?)	im (ES me-er)	ā̀mú (river, valley)
Sea		ab	ṓp`à ? (to drink, inhale) [possible Hittite loan ?]		(H)ap- (river, stream)	ʕab- (drink)		op- (to wet)
Salt		mun / mun4 / munu3
Salt		di-ni-ig		c̣_wĕnhV ?
Stone	č`a	za (bead, gem)	č`ā́jV (sand, sandbar)	(č̣ä̆č̣wV indirect ?)
Dust		sahar			(s)ḱer- ?
Earth		a-ra-li
Earth		ganzer
Earth		u
Earth		zikura
Cloud		ze2-la
Cloud		dungu
Cloud		tilhar
Fog		bar-šeĝ3
Wind		lil2
Wind		sisig
Wind	tumu (chill?) ?	tumu	túmu (cold, snot)
Snow [also ice]	sig- (?)	šeg9 [sig14]	sigí (rain, (snow) storm)
Ice	k`al- ?	halba	k`ale (snow, snow-flakes)
Ice		amagi
Smoke		i-bi2	eba (to winnow, fan) ?; or other
Ash		de3-dal [?] [loan from Neo-Assyrian/Babylonian]
To Burn		kur	(ki̯ằgru (?))		g'werǝ- (or kurǝ-)	kar- ?		kur- (brilliancy, silver)
To Burn	bel	bil, bil3	bĕ̀ló (pale)
To Burn	ber ?	bar7 [bir9]	p`òre (fire; to burn) [~pir] ?	[wăr (ST)]	werǝ-	war-		ur-		warwar-
To Burn (To Roast)		sa				c̣Vḥ- ? (dry)				ć̣w- ?
To Burn	t`ep ?	tab [dab2], tab2 [?]	t`ep`V (warm, to burn) ?	[tǝ̆p (fireplace)]	tep-	dVfVʔ- (?)			tVp (PAA)	ṭep- / ṭp-
To Burn		ma5(-ma5)
To Burn		šu hu-uz
To Burn		gurum2	~gUrV 'burn, hot coals' ? [Manchu ?]
To Burn		u2-ku-uk		=ōgwV		ʕak-
To Burn	t`ep	dib [dab]	t`ep`V (warm, to burn)	[tǝ̆p (fireplace)]	tep-	dVfVʔ- (?)			tVp (PAA)	ṭep- / ṭp-
Road		kaskal
Road		ka-ĝiri3 [also ki-ĝiri3]
Mountain	kur	kur	k`ori (hill; embankment, boundary) [the aspiration is probably a secondary feature of Eurasiatic]	GwērV (stone)	gʷer(w)-	kur-		kùr_- (in mntn. tribal names)		gora-
Mountain		hursaĝ
Mountain		iš
Mountain		gin3		hG_wānū ?
Mountain		ga-bi-ri
Red	t`er-	dara4	t`ḕŕù (dirt, dung) ?
Red		hibiz
Red (2)		huš
White	k`om- (bone (white))	hu-um ?	k`i̯ome (Mng. kemi (marrow, bone with marrow); TM (marrow (in purest derivation)); Tk kEmük (bone, spongy bone, cartillage))	(Hamq̇_wĂ (hard))		(ak-m- <PIH *a->, *kām- (IndoIr) (stone, rock))	(kämä (hard))	(SDr kēm- (strong, hard))	(kVŋ (hard, dry))
Black		mes		mīč̣V (dark)			mUC ? (black (FP))	mas- (black pigment)	mVt ? (cloud, darkness)
Warm	um- (hot)	kum4 [um2] (>) kum2 ((to be) hot) [possibly ind. Akk phonetic influence]	umV ? (fire, to burn)
Cold		sed6 [še23, se27], še12 [se24]
Cold		eš13			eis-			(is- PGnd; soak)
New	-bel (young) ?	gibil4 [bi2, bil] / gibil [bil2]	bāla (child, young)	bHăŁ_i (young)
Old	či̯um- (many, a lot)	sumun (old) - possibly suffixed with -mu (/-ĝu) > sumuĝ (sumun) ("many years") in adj-prefixing early Sumerian; maybe also kisumun (unkn. mng. > at a wide open tract of land? ki-sumu-ne ? (kisumun is heavily associated with a-ša3 (field) - maybe grazing land?)	či̯ùmi (Tk. Tümen, Kr. čɨ́mɨ́n, Jp. ti) (~thousand)
Old		libir				(shared with OAkk labaru)
Good	zil (choice [thing]) ?	zil2	sili (~*z-) (to choose, inspect)
Bad	k`ol-	hul	k`i̯aĺu ( ~ *k`i̯oĺa) (dirt, unpleasant odor)
Rotten		hul-dim2
Dirty		mudur (also dirt)	(t`ṓŕe)						mṭwe[r]-
Straight		si sa (to make straight)					(sas-) ?
Round (Circle)		ĝeš-bu10	kósV ? [< kesu ?]	kɨ̄č̣wɨ̆
Round (Circle)		gur2
Wet		duru5	[Tk / Mng]			tVwVr- (flow, drip; soaked)			twer- (drink) ?
Dry		a-ba-al
Dry		šarag
Dry		ab-hi-ir
Correct		šušur, šušur2
To Near		tehi
Far		asilal [silx(EZENxLAL2)]
Left		gab2-
Elk/Camel	t`ib- (< t`eb 'to pass')	dibid/dibida	t`ĭbŋe
(To) Get up Early/Pass	zal	zal	zela (to awake; be alive)
Companion	anta	anta	ā́nta
Vessel (1)	silV	sila	sílV
Goat (1)		maš
Post	t`em	dim	t`ĕma (net string, net needle ?)
Flat (Surface, Land)	den	eden	di̯ā́no
Disappear	zak` (to drop, fall) ?	zah	zi̯à[k`]ó (to hang, droop)
Admiration, Wonder	u(-d)	u (/> u-di)	i̯ŭdu
Sister(/Lady)	neŋ (lady)	nin (also nim; sister only)	nĕ́ŋu
Lady	en-	innin	ĕ́ńa
Mes-Tree	mes (type of tree)	mes(-babbar)	mésV (wild apple, grape)
Hero (Young Man)	mes (strong, great) (or Kartv meć- 'old, elder')	mes (meš)	mása (more, stronger)
Bow	pana (curved bone, stick) ?	pana (bana)	p`èjńé ? (curved bone)
Pot	tug (to make loops, curve something)	dug ((clay) pot)	teg[u] ? (to make knots, tie to a hook)
High	on	un	ṓni
People	oŋ	uĝ	oŋne (same, self; lonely)
Garden	sar (land; or to bloom?)	sar	si̯ắŕi (also sáro 'blossoming bush?')
Hips	ib (hips, joined)	ib	èbà (to join, meet)
Load	gun (to push) ?	gun	guna (to rob, attack, torture)
City	uru (gathering of people)	iri (uru (also ES))	i̯úrù (to gather, crowd)
Nail, Arrowhead	kak (stone or shell) ?	gag (kak); kak	ki̯aka ? (shell)
Stick	bül	bul5-bul5	bi̯ŏla
Silent	sig	sig (šeg)	sĭ̀gà
Wheat, Millet	kip	kib	kìp`é
Break (2)	k`aǯ	haš	k`ĕǯa
Oak (Tree)	k`Vl(-Vp) (Eastern culture word ?)	halub	kúĺap`V; k`olV
Exceed	tir ?	dirig (diri (dir, du); RI)	tī́ri
Wall		bad	p`ádo
(To) Bear	tut (to nurture)	utud (< tud)	tḕtu (respect, care)

Multisyllabic Words

Meaning	Sumeroaltaic (Reconstruction)	Sumerian	Altaic	North Caucasian [or SC]	Indo-European	Akkadian [Afroasiatic]	Uralic	Dravidian	Austric	Kartvelian
Child	-	hibira (son) (< maybe from an Altaic or IE dialect with accompanying metathesis ?)	k`i̯ŭrpe (young (animal, fish)		gʷerǝbh- (child, young one)			(karb- (egg, foetus))
God	t`eŋ(g)er [t`e-aŋ-ir	diĝir	t`aŋgiri
Curved Object	k`op`ur	hubur	k`ep`orV (Mong kabir- - WMong qabirɣa(n), qabisu(n) (rib); Tk KApur- - OTurk qabar (rib); TM xebti- (rib))	(GwHV̄bV̆ (stack, haystack))	ghAubh-, ghūbh- (to bend)	([gʷab- (bend)[		kaP- (to bend, turn over)		gib- (to twist)
Tigris	id/t` eŋŋa (> id egna (with uneven retention of the -ŋŋ- ?) (~Regular River) [id7 cognate not yet found]	idigna (id7 eĝ-ĝa ? > id eg-na river measure-ADJ measured ~ regular river)	--------	-------	-------	-------	-----	-------	-----	-------